Abstinence
Abstinence means no oral, anal, or vaginal sex or exchange of bodily fluids. However, abstinence does not mean no intimacy. Plenty of people abstain from sex and have meaningful romantic relationships. Abstinence can be temporary or permanent.

Condoms
Although they are not 100% effective, condoms are a good way to prevent HIV infection, as well as other Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs). For more information on condoms, see “Condoms” or http://www.caps.ucsf.edu/pubs/FS/condomsrev.php

Monogamy
Monogamy means having only one sexual partner. If you are in a mutually monogamous relationship, meaning you only have one sexual partner and that partner is only having sex with you, and you are both negative then you will be at low risk for HIV infection. However, monogamy can be tricky because people don’t always know 100% if their partners are being faithful.

Risk reduction
Even if a person is not abstinent, not monogamous, and doesn’t use condoms, there are still ways to reduce their risk of HIV infection. For example, oral sex isn’t as risky as vaginal sex or anal sex. Using lubrication during sex can significantly reduce tearing of the skin. Knowing your partners’ sexual history and communicating about your sexual comfort level can also help you make better sexual decisions. If you test for HIV, your counselor can brainstorm other risk reduction strategies with you.

Post Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP)
PEP is a prescription of antiviral medications shortly after HIV exposure to prevent HIV infection. For more information on PEP, go to http://www.aids.org/Factsheets/156-Treatment-After-Exposure-to-HIV-PEP.html.